Let’s Talk About Mental Health: Anxiety in Neurodiverse Teens
Trying to fit into a world designed for the neurotypical majority puts autistic and ADHD rangatahi at a higher risk for mental health challenges. For our autistic and ADHD young people, school can be a minefield of bewildering academic and social expectations leading to the experience of multiple “failures”. Many young people, especially girls, will cope by just pushing their uniqueness down and “masking” as much as possible. Others will experience meltdowns or explosions of frustration which are often viewed as “bad behaviour”. Others will just disengage altogether. Any which way, each of these experiences chips away at their well-being and self-esteem.
For most of us, anxiety is a feeling, like others, that comes and goes. Anxiety can actually serve an adaptive function in helping us learn, meet challenges and assess risk. When neurodiverse young people are experiencing persistent feelings of anxiety, they may need a little extra support from their whānau and friends.
How can you support neurodivergent young people who may be experiencing anxiety?
Support the unique coping strategies that autistic or ADHD teens develop to manage anxiety. These strategies can vary widely, and some may be unconventional to the neurotypical brain, but effective for the young person. Recognising and respecting these strategies is essential.
Create environments that encourage inclusion and acceptance of neurodiversity. This can reduce the stressors that contribute to anxiety and promote well-being.
Foster involvement in community support networks where teens can share experiences, special interests and resources. This sense of community can be a source of strength and resilience.
Recognise and validate the unique challenges they face and the times when they have been resilient and persevered.
Recognise that they are doing as well as they can and that they may need support to develop new skills.
Identify the signs of clinical anxiety and seek help. Early intervention and a comprehensive, person-centred approach for both neurodiversity and anxiety are critical.
Research consistently shows that clinical anxiety is highly prevalent among autistic and ADHD teens. Estimates suggest that approximately 40% to 60% of autistic individuals experience clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Among ADHD individuals, 25-40% may experience significant anxiety symptoms.
Here are some signs that it's time to seek professional assistance:
Significant Impairment in Daily Functioning: If your teen's anxiety significantly impacts their daily life, such as their school performance/ attendance, social interactions, or ability to carry out daily activities, it's a clear sign that professional help may be necessary.
Persistent and Intense Symptoms: When anxiety symptoms are severe, persistent (lasting several weeks or more), or increasing in intensity, it's advisable to seek help. Symptoms may include excessive worry, panic attacks, avoidance behaviours, or physical symptoms like insomnia or stomachaches.
Noticeable Changes in Behaviour or Mood: Significant changes in your teen's behaviour, mood, or personality, such as increased irritability, aggression, sadness, or emotional dysregulation, could be indicative of underlying anxiety that needs attention.
Ineffective Coping Strategies: If your teen is using unhealthy or harmful coping mechanisms to deal with their anxiety, such as substance abuse or self-medication, it's crucial to intervene and seek professional support.
Self-Harm or Suicidal Thoughts: Any indication of self-harm, suicidal ideation, or threats of self-harm should be taken seriously and require immediate professional intervention. Contact the Mental Health Community Acute Service at 0800 800 717.
A psychologist can provide evidence-based interventions tailored to your teen's specific needs. Therapy is often key to managing anxiety effectively and preventing it from becoming more debilitating over time. Remember that seeking professional help is a responsible and supportive action to take when your neurodiverse teen is being negatively impacted by anxiety. Talk to your GP for a referral or give us a call at Acorn to learn more about our support for neurodiverse teens with anxiety.